Whilst some artists engage with art historical ideas related to landscape and wilderness, others map personal journeys or work directly with the elements. The works and approaches taken by the artists are varied, extending the boundaries and potential of landscape as subject. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office.Parallels of Latitude brings together the work of seven artists who are engaging with contemporary ideas around landscape.
Geological Survey Professional Paper 1453. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Geological Survey Professional Paper 1395. The cylindrical equal-area projection can be obtained only by setting standard parallels symmetrically north and south of the equator. When one of the standard parallels is set at a pole, the outcome is the Lambert equal-area conic projection. If both standard parallels are set to a pole, the resulting projection is the Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection in polar aspect. The standard parallels can be at any latitude, except set at opposite poles. After ellipsoidal equations were developed, the projection became standard for equal-area maps of the United States. It is best practice to place standard parallels at one-sixth of the latitude range below the top and above the bottom of the area to be mapped. This projection is best suited for equal-area mapping of land masses in mid-latitudes extending in an east-to-west orientation rather than those extending north to south. Distortion values are the same along any given parallel and symmetric across the central meridian. Distortion values grow away from the standard parallels. The scale, directions, and distances are true only along the standard parallels. Shapes, directions, angles, and distances are generally distorted. DistortionĪlbers is an equal-area (equivalent) projection. The graticule is symmetric across the central meridian. When the standard parallels are on the southern hemisphere, the fan-shape of the graticule is oriented down (see the image on the right, above). When the standard parallels are set on the northern hemisphere, the fan-shape of the graticule is oriented up (see the image on the left, above). The spacing of the parallels decreases toward the poles. The parallels and both poles are represented as circular arcs centered on the point of convergence of the meridians. All meridians are equally spaced straight lines converging to a common point. The subsections below describe the Albers projection properties. The Albers map projection with standard parallels on the northern (left map) and southern (right map) hemisphere.
It is available in ArcGIS Pro 1.0 and later and in ArcGIS Desktop 8.0 and later. Ellipsoidal equations were developed by Oscar S. The Albers projection was introduced by Heinrich C. It is often used for maps of the contiguous United States, Europe, and Australia. The projection is best suited for land masses extending in an east-to-west orientation at mid-latitudes. It uses two standard parallels to reduce some of the distortion found in a projection with only one standard parallel. The Albers projection is an equal area conic projection.